Wednesday, August 29, 2007

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya - Social and Political Philosophy

Integral Humanism

Coperative processes are more in the society in comparison to conflict processes. that is why societies are growing.

A conflict in society is like a disease in a person. The body has the capability to get rid of the disease and become healthy again.

Society has the capability to end the conflict. social workers must try to improve this capability like doctors improve the capability of the body to fight the disease.

Mass contact by political parties

An active worker of a political party can contact easily 50 persons, who could be their potential supporters at their house every year. Around 2000 members will be required at a parliamentary constituency level to meet 1,00,000 persons. But no political party seems to be practicing this mass contact. Why?

Tuesday, August 28, 2007

Unity in Extreme Diversity - Hindu Gods Symbolize it

The practice of unity in diversity casts faith on interdependence. swami Suddhananda explains the practice of unity in extreme diversity by referring to the togetherness of Shiva, Shakti, Ganapati and karthikeya.

They have as their constant means of transport, the bull, the lion, the mouse and the peacock. In addition Shiva wears a snake around his neck. The lion normally feeds on the bull, while the snake feeds on the mouse. Peacock feeds on the snake. Still they live in divine unison, thye live joyfully in peaceful co-existence.

Also remember, Adi Sankara founded his monastery in the place where he observed to his delight, a serpent protecting with its raised hood a pregnant toad from rain.

Excerpts from Establish yourself on true strength by K Vijayaraghavan in Economic Times dated 18-6-2007 (June) in the editorial page under the column Cosmic Uplink

Monday, August 27, 2007

Social Capital

I came across this concept in an article in Hindu dated August 26,2007 page 14 by P.K.Doraiswamy.

Social capital is the capacity of people to act together willingly in their common long-term interest.

The article stated taht democracy is not a spectator sport for the people of the country. They have to influence policy and project formulation through membership of committees, submission of memoranda directly or through elected representatives, and through an interactive role in the implementation of policies, projects and schemes.

Their participation in exposing irregularities is also important for improvement in the quality of governance.

The various roles can be:

Watchdog
Advocate
Agitator
Educator
Service provider; government neglected areas can be taken up by civil society.

Saturday, August 25, 2007

Meaning of Brahmana

Brahman means prayer or devotion reflecting an authoritative utterance of a priest. Utterance is particularly related to sacrifice and the brahmanas are so called as they are repositories of such utterances.

Political and Social Philosophy of Karl Marx

In Marx's philosophy conflict has the significant place.

Political and Social Philosophy of Gandhi

The main focus of Gandhi's philosophy is non-violence.

Political and Social Philosophy of M.N. Roy

Rule 1: Man is archetype of society, co-operative social relationships contribute to develop invidual potentialities. But the development of the individual is the measure of social progress.

Rule 2: Quest for freedom and search for truth constitute the basic urge of human progress.

Roy is of the view that, “religion is bound to be liquidated by science, because scientific knowledge enables mankind to answer questions, confronted by which in its childhood, it was compelled to assume super-natural forces or agencies.”[

Monday, August 20, 2007

Mission, Objectives, Vision, Goals Definitions

Mission or Purpose: Mission is an organization’s concept of itself and its service to customers and to society, expressed in terms that give the organization meaning and legitimacy. It is a long-term vision of what the organization seeks to do and the reasons why it exists

Objectives: Objectives specify the results sought over the long-term through the ongoing, long-run operations of the organization. These outcomes include the desired results for the customers of the organization (its mission) as well as the outcomes it desires for its other stakeholders.

Vision: is an important goal cherished and emphasized by the organization.

Goals: The goals of an organization are the intermediate quantitative and qualitative “performance target” which management seeks to attain in moving toward organizational objectives. Thus where as objectives are long range in nature, goals are short range and measurable. They serve to indicate the speedd and momentum which management seeks to maintain in accomplishing the organization’s objectives and purpose.

Strategy: Strategy is a comprehensive description of an
organization’s master plan for achieving its goals and objectives (vision and mission).

Policies: Policies guide decision making when executing strategy.

Based on the explanation given for above by Arthur Thompson and A.J. Strickland in Strategy and Policy: Concepts and Cases, Business Pub, Inc., Dallas, 1978

Sunday, August 19, 2007

TDP

Vision - I have a dream... For a better tomorrow

A little over five years ago, when i took over the reins of the government, I started off with a mission - to make Andhra Pradesh the foremost State in the country in terms of growth, equity, and quality of life.
My Vision is that Andhra Pradesh should be a State where poverty is totally eradicated; that every man, women and child has access not just to basic minimum needs, but to all the opportunities to lead an happy and fulfilling life; and that we must emerge as a knowledge and learning-based society build on the values of hard work, honesty, discipline and a collective sense of purpose.

-N.Chandrababu Naidu

Sociology of Political Order - An Introduction

Source: Ian Robertson

Over 2000 years ago the philosopher Aristostle observed that we are political animals. We are indeed, and necessarily so, for politics is an inevitable consequence of social living.

Power: "the ability to control the behaviour of others, even in the absence of their consent."

When people accept the control even when they diagree with its application to them, it legitimate power. A judge's decision is accepted by a person even though he may not be happy with the decision.

It is coercion when people do not agree with the exercise of power. A dacoit taking away household goods by controlling the behaviour of people by threatening them with dire consequences.

State

State is the institution in the society that successfully claims a monopoly on the right to use force within a given territory.

Saturday, August 18, 2007

Sociology of Religion An introduction

Source: sociology by Ian Robertson, Worth Publishers, Inc., New York, 1977

Religion is a universlal social institution, but it takes a multitude of forms.

The definition given by author is that religion is a system of communally held beliefs and practices that are oriented toward some sacred, supernatural realm.

To a sociologist religion is a social product, created by human beings and not by supernatural forces.

One of the sociologists, Reece McGee divides religions into four main types.

Religions of simple suernaturalism, animism, theism, and abstract ideas.

Simple supernaturalism: Belief in supernatural forces. No concept of god.

Animism: Belief in supernatural powers of animate spirits. no concept of god.

Theism: concept of god. Number of gods or belief in only God. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam beleive in one god. But the author says thye also have belief in multiple divine entities and concepts like Father and Son etc.

Abstract ideals: No god but higher ideals. Example - Buddhism

Theodicy: A common feature of religions is that they have a convincing explanation for the birth and death and usual problems of human existence. If such an explanation is not there, the universal sequence of birth and death can easily seem meaningless.

Religion: A functionalist analysis

Durkheim, a poineer and famous socioligist was the first to apply functionalist perspective to the study of religion. According to him religion is universal in human society, because it has a vital function. According to him when people engage in religious activities especially as a group, they feel great ecstacy and elation of a kind they would never feel alone. The participants ascribe this fervour to supernatural origin.

The functions of Religion

1. Religion functins as a form of social cement. It unites people by bringing them together periodically to eanct various rituals and providing them with hsared values and beliefs thatbind them together.

2. It offers explanations of common human problems and predicaments an gives people a sense of meaning and purpose in a world that might otherwise seem meaningless.

3. religion reinforces the most important norms of a society, for these tend to become part of religious doctrine and are therefore regarded as sacred.

4. Religion helps people during such major events of the life cycle as puberty, marriage, and death by providing rituals that give a structure to those events.

According to Marx, religion reflects society.

According Weber, religion influences social change.

Religious Organisations - Dharmic Mutts - Profile - Dakshinamnaya Sri Sharada Peetham, Sringeri

Web Site: http://www.sringeri.net/

Mission

Objective

Vision

Goals

Current Strategy

Current Tactics

Current Slogans:

Friday, August 17, 2007

Religious Organisations - Dharmic Mutts - Profile - Kanchi Kamakoti Matham

Website: http://www.kamakoti.org/

Mission

Objective

Vision

Goals

Current Strategy

Current Tactics

Current Slogans:

Political Party - Profile - BSP - Bahujan Samaj Party

Mission

Objective

Vision

Goals

Current Strategy

Current Tactics

Current Slogans:
Sarvajana Sukhaya, Sarvajana Hitaya

Political Party - Profile - Shiv Sena

Mission

Objective

Vision

Goals

Current Strategy

Current Tactics

Political Party - Profile - Congress

Web site: http://www.aicc.org.in/

Mission: To build that society which combines compassion with competence, equity with excellence."

Smt. Sonia Gandhi

Source: http://www.aicc.org.in/home.php accessed on 19-8-2007


Objective

Vision

Goals

Current Strategy

UPA Common Minimum Program: http://www.aicc.org.in/common-minimum-programme.php

The UPA government supported by the Left Parties will have six basic principles for governance.



Ø to preserve, protect and promote social harmony and to enforce the law without fear or favour to deal with all obscurantist and fundamentalist elements who seek' to disturb social amity and peace.



Ø to ensure that the economy grows at least 7-8% per year in a sustained manner over a decade and more and in a manner that generates employment so that each family is assured of a safe and viable livelihood.



Ø to enhance the welfare and well-being of farmers, farm labour and workers, particularly those in the unorganized sector and assure a secure future for their families in every respect.



Ø to fully empower women politically, educationally, economically and legally.



Ø to provide for full equality of opportunity, particularly in education and employment for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, OBCs and religious minorities.



Ø to unleash the creative energies of our entrepreneurs, businessmen, scientists, engineers and all other professionals and productive forces of society.


Current Tactics

Current Slogans

SWOT Analysis

Stregths

1. The image of party that brought independence to the country.
2. The image of part that was lead by Tilak, Gokhale, Mahatma Gandhi, and Nehru

Weaknesses

1.One does not see a major social purpose in Congress party. One sees only efforts to stick to power and hand over the power to the family members.
2.It played divisive politics for a very long time.

Opportunities

Threats

1. Bahujan Samaj Party: Its strategy of bringing together upper castes and lower castes.

Political Party - Profile - CPI

Mission

Objective

Vision

Goals

Current Strategy

Current Tactics

Political Party - Profile - CPM

Mission

Objective

Vision

Goals

Current Strategy

Current Tactics

Political Party - Profile - BJP

Mission

Objective

Vision

Goals

Current Strategy

Current Tactics

Social Organisations - Profile - RSS - Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

Web Site: www.rss.org

Mission:

To organise our society from the Himalaya to Kanyakumari as a well disciplined and powerful entity and make our nation capable of overcoming all sorts of calamities.

Source: Atre, S.H.(Translator), I am an Ordinary Swayamsevak (Discourse of Shri Guruji), Abhyudaya Prakashan, Dombivli, 1997, Page 31


Objective

Vision

Goals

The goal before the Sangh is to have an organised Hindu society in which all its constituents and institutions function in harmony and co-ordination, just as in the body organs.

Source: http://www.rss.org/New_RSS/Mission_Vision/Why_RSS.jsp accessed on 18-8-2007.

Current Strategy

While founding the Sangh, Dr. Hedgewar - himself a freedom fighter had before him the goal not only of independence, but also of 'swatantrya' in its literal sense, i.e., the blossoming of 'swatantra' - the national identity - in every walk of our social life. As such, it has always been the supreme concern of the swayamsevaks, to uphold and seek re-assertion of the national honour wherever it is at stake.

Source: http://www.rss.org/New_RSS/Mission_Vision/Why_RSS.jsp accessed on 18-8-2007.

Current Tactics

Current Slogans

Thursday, August 16, 2007

Grihya Sutras - The Hindu Way of Daily Life

The rituals constituting the Brahmanas received systematic treatment in what are called Kalpa-Sutras. These are exegetical texts of the Vedas. The need for them arose because short manuals were required by the priests as an aid for their daily performance.

Among these texts, those that deal with Vedic sacrifices are called Srauta-Sutras and those that deal with domestic rituals are called Grihya-Sutras which, though not valuable as pieces of literature, are yet valuable as "Folk-lore" journals of ancient India. They portray an accurate picture of the social lie, popular customs and usage of ancient India.

Some important Grihya Sutras are listed below:

1.Apastamba 2. Aswalayana 3.Baudhayana 4.Bharadwaja 5.Gobhila 6.Hiranyakesia 7. Jaimineeya 8.Khadira 9.Manava 10.Paraskara 11.Sankhayana 12.Varaha Grihya Sutras.

There is another class of texts called Dharma Sutras that are an extension of the Grihya Sutras. These texts deal mainly with secular and religious laws relating to the Ashramas.

These are again supplemented by what are called Parisishtas or addenda. The Commentaries of which 25 are known; Prayogas, of which 24 are known.
There are also a dozen Karikas or specialised treatises on individual Samskaras.

In addition to these are Apta-vakyas or the words of the saints and the wise who observe and follow Sanatan Dharma (Vedic religion).They have the sanctity of Smritis in cases of doubt.

According to me Grihya sutras are very important and they are to be reformulated as per the requirements of the modern day life and they must be propagated among people through the discourses at the temples and religious gatherings like Ganesh puja, Durga puja etc.

I started the blog www.grihyasutras.blogspot.com to do my bit to bring them to the notice of more people.

Sunday, August 5, 2007

Forget Vastu Worries

Hindustan Times, 28 July 2007, page 10

"Debugging our minds of scary vastu worry" is a must read for all Indians. Renuka Narayanan (renukanarayanan@hindustantimes.com)explains the rationale behind development of vastu shastra. she also mentions that vastu shashtra is different for different locations, Gangetic vastu was different from hill vastu and coastal vastu.
Why? The persons who developed the rules considered the movement of Sun, air and water in that locality and developed the rules as per the requirements of that day.

Why water well was to kept in North east in Gangetic plains? Because that's where the sun came from every morning. So that bit got warmth and light first for early morning work.

In a short line from the door and the water was the south-east, where the kitchen was located. Furthest from the fire, in a diagonal, the store was kept. In the southwest, where afternoon sun comes, family's sleeping place was kept.

All the rules were made with comfort in mind with the facilities available at that time.

Don't fret over the rules which are not applicable today. Understand the basic message. Develop Vastu of today for comfortable living.

Congratulations and appreciation to Renuka Narayanan for coming up with this very interesting insight.

Partying and Driving

Sathya Saran(ssaran@dnaindia.net), editor of Me DNA wrote a very interesting piece with the caption Me 2U in Me dated August 5 2007. The piece is about driking the real stuff in parties.

She says "Of course I party. ... At hig profile parties, it is tough to be able to stick to a soft drink. Most people wonder why I am not drinkig the real stuff. I oput on my most angelic look and tell them I do not drink because I drive.... the person I am talking to is most likely to retort, 'one drink does not hurt anybody.'"

she gave reasons why it not wise to drink even one and then drive.

she further writes, "All this I do not always bother to tell my hosts or other friendly people who think that pressing a drink on me is one way of showing they care."

She comments that she is happy to see a number people who between them decide who is drinking that evening and who is driving. Times are changing and people are thinking of their safety as well as others' safety.

She mentions a new law that will that will make more people understand the necessity of not drinking when they have to drive.

A very interesting way of communicating socially relevant issue.